AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century Description

By the 1930s, AT&T dominated the American phone industry, serving 10 million telephones and employing over 100,000 switchboard operators. But beginning in the mid-1910s, the company began changing from manually-operated switchboards to mechanical switching systems that were faster and more cost-effective and did not require human operators. By the 1930s, the changeover has been completed or is underway in most American cities with over 50,000 people. The rollout of the new technology is garnering a good deal of public attention, not just for the unfamiliar new "dialing" process that customers are required to learn, but also because of the mass layoffs of the women who served as operators. The job cuts have even resulted in reports from the Department of Labor and Congressional hearings. As the rollouts continue across the country, AT&T questions how to handle the layoffs and the reaction to the new system.

Case Description AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

Strategic Managment Tools Used in Case Study Analysis of AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

STEP 1. Problem Identification in AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study

STEP 2. External Environment Analysis - PESTEL / PEST / STEP Analysis of AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study

STEP 3. Industry Specific / Porter Five Forces Analysis of AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study

STEP 4. Evaluating Alternatives / SWOT Analysis of AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study

STEP 5. Porter Value Chain Analysis / VRIO / VRIN Analysis AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study

STEP 6. Recommendations AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study

STEP 7. Basis of Recommendations for AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study

Case Analysis of AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century is a Harvard Business (HBR) Case Study on Strategy & Execution , Texas Business School provides HBR case study assignment help for just $9. Texas Business School(TBS) case study solution is based on HBR Case Study Method framework, TBS expertise & global insights. AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century is designed and drafted in a manner to allow the HBR case study reader to analyze a real-world problem by putting reader into the position of the decision maker. AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study will help professionals, MBA, EMBA, and leaders to develop a broad and clear understanding of casecategory challenges. AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century will also provide insight into areas such as – wordlist , strategy, leadership, sales and marketing, and negotiations.

Case Study Solutions Background Work

AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study solution is focused on solving the strategic and operational challenges the protagonist of the case is facing. The challenges involve – evaluation of strategic options, key role of Strategy & Execution, leadership qualities of the protagonist, and dynamics of the external environment. The challenge in front of the protagonist, of AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century, is to not only build a competitive position of the organization but also to sustain it over a period of time.

Strategic Management Tools Used in Case Study Solution

The AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study solution requires the MBA, EMBA, executive, professional to have a deep understanding of various strategic management tools such as SWOT Analysis, PESTEL Analysis / PEST Analysis / STEP Analysis, Porter Five Forces Analysis, Go To Market Strategy, BCG Matrix Analysis, Porter Value Chain Analysis, Ansoff Matrix Analysis, VRIO / VRIN and Marketing Mix Analysis.

Texas Business School Approach to Strategy & Execution Solutions

In the Texas Business School, AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study solution – following strategic tools are used - SWOT Analysis, PESTEL Analysis / PEST Analysis / STEP Analysis, Porter Five Forces Analysis, Go To Market Strategy, BCG Matrix Analysis, Porter Value Chain Analysis, Ansoff Matrix Analysis, VRIO / VRIN and Marketing Mix Analysis.

We have additionally used the concept of supply chain management and leadership framework to build a comprehensive case study solution for the case – AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

Step 1 – Problem Identification of AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century - Harvard Business School Case Study

The first step to solve HBR AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study solution is to identify the problem present in the case. The problem statement of the case is provided in the beginning of the case where the protagonist is contemplating various options in the face of numerous challenges that Operators 1930s is facing right now. Even though the problem statement is essentially – “Strategy & Execution” challenge but it has impacted by others factors such as communication in the organization, uncertainty in the external environment, leadership in Operators 1930s, style of leadership and organization structure, marketing and sales, organizational behavior, strategy, internal politics, stakeholders priorities and more.

Step 2 – External Environment Analysis

Texas Business School approach of case study analysis – Conclusion, Reasons, Evidences - provides a framework to analyze every HBR case study. It requires conducting robust external environmental analysis to decipher evidences for the reasons presented in the AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century.

The external environment analysis of AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century will ensure that we are keeping a tab on the macro-environment factors that are directly and indirectly impacting the business of the firm.

What is PESTEL Analysis? Briefly Explained

PESTEL stands for political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors that impact the external environment of firm in AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study. PESTEL analysis of " AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century" can help us understand why the organization is performing badly, what are the factors in the external environment that are impacting the performance of the organization, and how the organization can either manage or mitigate the impact of these external factors.

How to do PESTEL / PEST / STEP Analysis? What are the components of PESTEL Analysis?

As mentioned above PESTEL Analysis has six elements – political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal. All the six elements are explained in context with AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century macro-environment and how it impacts the businesses of the firm.

How to do PESTEL Analysis for AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

To do comprehensive PESTEL analysis of case study – AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century , we have researched numerous components under the six factors of PESTEL analysis.

Political Factors that Impact AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

Political factors impact seven key decision making areas – economic environment, socio-cultural environment, rate of innovation & investment in research & development, environmental laws, legal requirements, and acceptance of new technologies.

Policy Making Impact on AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

Government policies have significant impact on the business environment of any country. The firm in “ AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century ” needs to navigate these policy decisions to create either an edge for itself or reduce the negative impact of the policy as far as possible.

Data safety laws – The countries in which Operators 1930s is operating, firms are required to store customer data within the premises of the country. Operators 1930s needs to restructure its IT policies to accommodate these changes. In the EU countries, firms are required to make special provision for privacy issues and other laws.

Competition Regulations – Numerous countries have strong competition laws both regarding the monopoly conditions and day to day fair business practices. AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century has numerous instances where the competition regulations aspects can be scrutinized.

Import restrictions on products – Before entering the new market, Operators 1930s in case study AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century" should look into the import restrictions that may be present in the prospective market.

Export restrictions on products – Apart from direct product export restrictions in field of technology and agriculture, a number of countries also have capital controls. Operators 1930s in case study “ AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century ” should look into these export restrictions policies.

Foreign Direct Investment Policies – Government policies favors local companies over international policies, Operators 1930s in case study “ AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century ” should understand in minute details regarding the Foreign Direct Investment policies of the prospective market.

Taxation & Regulation Impact on AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

Corporate Taxes – The rate of taxes is often used by governments to lure foreign direct investments or increase domestic investment in a certain sector. Corporate taxation can be divided into two categories – taxes on profits and taxes on operations. Taxes on profits number is important for companies that already have a sustainable business model, while taxes on operations is far more significant for companies that are looking to set up new plants or operations.

Tariffs – Chekout how much tariffs the firm needs to pay in the “ AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century ” case study. The level of tariffs will determine the viability of the business model that the firm is contemplating. If the tariffs are high then it will be extremely difficult to compete with the local competitors. But if the tariffs are between 5-10% then Operators 1930s can compete against other competitors.

Government Scheme & Subsidies Impact on AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

Research and Development Subsidies and Policies – Governments often provide tax breaks and other incentives for companies to innovate in various sectors of priority. Managers at AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study have to assess whether their business can benefit from such government assistance and subsidies.

Consumer protection – Different countries have different consumer protection laws. Managers need to clarify not only the consumer protection laws in advance but also legal implications if the firm fails to meet any of them.

Political System & Stability, and its Impact on AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

Political System and Its Implications – Different political systems have different approach to free market and entrepreneurship. Managers need to assess these factors even before entering the market.

Freedom of Press is critical for fair trade and transparency. Countries where freedom of press is not prevalent there are high chances of both political and commercial corruption.

Corruption level – Operators 1930s needs to assess the level of corruptions both at the official level and at the market level, even before entering a new market. To tackle the menace of corruption – a firm should have a clear SOP that provides managers at each level what to do when they encounter instances of either systematic corruption or bureaucrats looking to take bribes from the firm.

Independence of judiciary – It is critical for fair business practices. If a country doesn’t have independent judiciary then there is no point entry into such a country for business.

Government attitude towards trade unions – Different political systems and government have different attitude towards trade unions and collective bargaining. The firm needs to assess – its comfort dealing with the unions and regulations regarding unions in a given market or industry. If both are on the same page then it makes sense to enter, otherwise it doesn’t.

Economic Factors that Impact AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

Social Factors that Impact AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

Technological Factors that Impact AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

Environmental Factors that Impact AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

Legal Factors that Impact AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

Step 3 – Industry Specific Analysis

What is Porter Five Forces Analysis

PESTEL stands for political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors that impact the external environment of firm in AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study. PESTEL analysis of " AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century" can help us understand why the organization is performing badly, what are the factors in the external environment that are impacting the performance of the organization, and how the organization can either manage or mitigate the impact of these external factors.

Step 4 – SWOT Analysis / Internal Environment Analysis

Step 5 – Porter Value Chain / VRIO / VRIN Analysis

Step 6 – Evaluating Alternatives & Recommendations

Step 7 – Basis for Recommendations

References :: AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century case study solution